Military expenditure -Desperate War of Japan in the Pacific

Military expenditure

IJN

IJN war expenditure of China and South
Year	1937	1938	1939	1940	1941	1942	1943	1944	1945
China	5.6%	4.8%	3.9%	3.9%	7.4%	4.6%	12.1%	30.6%	12.8%
South	-	-	-	-	0.7%	5.4%	5.6%	9.8%	2.3%

Main enemy of IJN was USN in the Pacific War naturally. But surprisingly temporary war expenditure of China was almost 3 times compared with South in 1944, when IJA and IJN advocated the battle of Philippines. This is why we call the war 'Greater East Asia War'.

If IJN had not spent in China since 1937, the amount would be the cost of 100 aircraft carriers of Unryu class!
Morimoto p.66
Unryu class

IJN actioned dispatch of her marines in Shanghai Incident. IJN land bombers flew from Kyushu and bombarded main China land. IJN had not competed with USN but domestic IJA ironically. Pilots of carrier bomber and fighers experienced combats with China air force including flying tigers. They were very skilled as well as USN pilots, when the Pacific Wars broke. Such IJN skilled pilots might be lost, the result showed history.

IJA

IJA war expenditure 1937-1941
Year	1937	1938	1939	1940	1941
China	12.5%	14%	18.6%	17%	13%
Manchuria	5.3%	7.4%	11%	8.8%	18.8%
Mainland	78.4%	76.2%	67.8%	71.3%	(59.2%)

IJA fought China mainly, although IJA had to prepare war in her mainland.
Morimoto p.64

Japan had dispatched 1.72 million troops in China including Manchuria in August 1945, which was 67% of all the troops.^[4] Maesaka's data of China includes Manchuria, maybe.

IJA war expenditure 1941-1945
Year 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945

China 31.3% 24.4% 27.2% 53.3% 30.2%

South - 8.9% 16.2% 22.6% 3.9%

Mainland 64.2% 54.6% - 22.4% 56.3%

Ratio of military expenditure of budget

Ratio of direct military expenditure 1894-1928 [%]
Year	1894	1895	1900	1904	1905	1914	1918	1919	1920	1921	1922	1925	1927	1928
Ratio	69.2	69.5	45.5	81.8	82.3	49.2	58.0	65.0	46.8	41.9	45.5	29.3	28.0	28.5

Japanese military expenditure increased, when Japan participated wars. Japanese-Sino war was during 1894-1895. The military expenditure was almost 70 %. Japanese-Russo war was during 1904-1905. The military expenditure exceeded 80 %. The war almost had destroyed Japanese economy against one of powers. Military expenditure increased in 1918-1919 because of Siberian Intervention.

Ratio of direct military expenditure 1931-1944 [%]
Year 1931 1932 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944

Ratio 31.2 35.9 69.0 76.8 73.4 72.5 75.7 77.0 78.5 85.5

Chinese Incident ocurred in 1937. The next year, the military expenditure ratio exceeded Japanese-Sino war. It lasted almost five years before the Pacific War. Japanese economy almost wore out. The military expenditure reached 85.5 % in 1944 in the Pacific War.^[3] USN siege ocurred hunger in Japan mainland in 1945. Japan could not continue the Pacific War, though Japanese troops had power in China.

The table is another data of direct military expenditure. There are difference from the previous data, 0.4 % in 1931 and 23.3 % in 1937.
Military expenditure ratio 1931-1937
Year 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937

Military 30.8% 35.2% 38.3% 43.6% 46.8% 47.2% 45.7%

Civil eng. 6.0% 10.2% 9.9% 8.4% 6.9% 5.9% 5.1%

Bond 14.5% 12.3% 14.9% 16.7% 16.9% 15.9% 14.8%

Ratio of military expenditure of budget

GDP index and military expenditure ratio
Year		1940	1941	1942	1943	1944
GDP	Japan	100	101	103	103	99
GDP	US	100	118	136	158	165
Ratio	Japan	17.0%	23.1%	30.2%	46.2%	63.8%
Ratio	US	2.6%	11.2%	33.5%	45.0%	46.0%

Raito of military expediture of Japan was doublefold of UK and US and threefold of Germany^[1]. Japanese military expenditure of GDP ratio increased to 30.2 % from 23.1 %^[2]. While US was 33.5 % from 11.2 %. It meant Japan was slower than US to prepare total war. Now Japan expends only 1 % of GDP for military expenditure. Japan expended 17 % in 1940 just before the Pacific War. While US exceeded Japan in 1942. US GDP showed high increase.

Obama backs basic science

Obama's budget request for 2011 ($ million)
NIH	NSF	DOE	NASA	NOAA	NIS	EPA	US Geological Survey	DOD (basic and applied research)	Department of Homeland Security (science and technology)
32,089	7,424	5,121	19,000	5,554	922	10,020	1,133	6,475	1,018

EPA's budget is twice of DOE. NIH and NASA budget are big. I think how US people are security minded. Japanese people think that security and water are free.

[1] Maesaka, p167
[2] Morimoto, p374-382
[3] Hinkoku, p51-52
[4] Maesaka, p342